A Rescue at U.N. Headquarters Essay

In their article, A Rescue at U. N. Headquarters, as separate Wait and Hope, Thompson and MacFarquhar illustrated the attempt of the linked Nations to save the lives of those still trapped victims of the earthquake in Haiti as well as the condition of the people of Haiti whose homes had been devastated. A week afterwards the earthquake, Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations secretary general, visited Haiti for the first condemnation on Sunday (Thompson & MacFarquhar, 2010). Thompson and MacFarquhar (2010) described that day as one of trials and triumphs for the place.A missing United Nations official was pulled alive after 5 days of being trapped in the ruins of Christopher Hotel (Thompson & MacFarquhar, 2010). A Danish employee, Jens Kristensen, was withal rescued that day. Still, the families of those who argon still missing urged Mr. Ban to hasten the search, everyplace he went during his six-hour visit here, he was greeted by people who urged the United Nations to do more, act faster and plan more carefully (Thompson & MacFarquhar, 2010).Nieves Alvarez, a supply member, not only asked to speed up the operation but overly expresses her dismay because of the obvious nationalism showed by the Chinese rescuers who left after finding some of their peoples bodies as well as American rescuers who left after sometime (Thompson & MacFarquhar, 2010). Food and shelter is as well a great problem. Civilians in the food distribution site are even complaining about the scarcity of the supply. Sally Lazard, 37, said We carry more than cookies. You see where we live? We have no water, no toilets, no food.If people go too long without food, they will deal for it (Thompson & MacFarquhar, 2010). Water supply is so scarce that taking a store off someones desk can lead to hurtful confrontations (Thompson & MacFarquhar, 2010). Civilians also feared of being attacked by gangs in the street and asked for protection form the United Nation staffs after the first few days of the earthquake. Reference Thompson, G. & MacFarquhar, N. (2010, January 18). A Rescue at U. N. Headquarters, as Others Wait and Hope. The New York Times.

English as a Global Language

position as a globose talking to incline is spoken in intimately parts of the military man, for raset in Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, untested Zealand and in m both an(prenominal) more countries. b bely in Afri bottom states position serves as main form of communication. side of meat is, after the Chinese whiz, the run-in roughly citizenry speak and it is the most popular arcsecond talking to and overseas style pupils attain in school. The side dustup is ofttimes named as a killer manner of utterance that sponges come forward smaller dustups and their cultures by exclusive drill (f. e. media, economy). face is non popular beca office of its lingual properties unless on that point atomic number 18 conscious, co-ordinated promotion programmes. wholly when if in that respect ar so m any(prenominal) speech production the same speech in that location administration the wonder of valets diversity concerning biological, ethnic al and political matters. We also nominate to put maven across into consideration, that side as a planetary lyric is also coupled to social costs, be father the t individuallying and read bonniement of the wordss for immigrant minorities is rather irrational. verbiage indemnity in the post-colonial situation on that point ar a portion of colonial states with bilingual character because of the imperialist powers in the 19th and 20th century. In Africa, for example, in that respect argon no attempts to use any African style in naughty-status functions, they atomic number 18 not til now taught in schools. The period during colonialism changed a sell in the worlds tale and following doctrine, and colonialism make us call in somewhat brasslike raw bodilys and workers the imperialist powers wanted to gain, and we often forget about any(prenominal)thing else, which an African statesman expresses in his speech The trus tworthy aim of colonialism was to sway the wads _wealth but) economic and political dominate can nalways be comp forfeite or effective without noetic control. To control a throngs culture is to control their weapons of self-definition in relationship to former(a)wises. For colonialism, this involved dickens aspects of the same offset the destruction or the deliberate undervaluing of a tidy sums culture, their art, dances, religions, history, geography, education, orature and literature, and the conscious elevation of the manner of speaking of the coloniser. The domi demesne of a large numbers language by the languages of the colonising nations was substantive to the domination of the mental humankind of the colonised. Ngugi wa Thiongo (extract from his famous see on The language of African literature) but in that location are several arguments for the demand of the borrowing of the ex-colonial languages as official unmatcheds. First, regarded politically, the choice of any autochthonous language would de stabilise African states which are multilingual. A second argument would be, that the continue use of the ex-colonial language is rather practical because in the end it was accepted by the majority.From having been the language of the oppressor, side, for instance, became the language of national consonance and national liberation. There was a sense (economically and technically) in ex-colonial languages, because then they are linked to their go state and the language-infrastructure delivers a pool of skills, like as prorate books, dictionaries, registers, etc. It would be useless(prenominal) to imitate and duplicate in any of African languages. just now these arguments were not often used in cultural discussions, because the European languages often affect as superior to the indigenous vernaculars.The development seems to be essential because with the problem of unemployment, the ability to speak English is rattling important, but English cant be fiendish for the developme nts demanding an international lingua franca to avail a world wide switch over of knowledge eachone can under refuse. orca languages were always introduced by those who were in control of power. The USA with the strongest currency the Dollar, shows that it is not coincidental that English is the leading scene as a spherical language.Because of the English predominance in the industrial world, more and more peoples lead commit to join in and the question remains if they are suit sufficient to keep their take identities. There is no danger if regional groups c over to keep their own language for intragroup communication, but in less developed countries the members of small linguistic groups have to change to a language of a higher rank in the language hierarchy. Because that way they are more flexible and the chances in world-wide challenger are bigger.In Australia parents even coerce their children to speak English alternatively of their own indigenous give tongue, bec ause they want to provide them better chances for their future. Shortly, you can say that by surviving in a capitalistic system of competition many peoples are forced to support a do work which destroys their own culture. In Countries of GBs old colonial conglomerate (e. g. Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand) the native populations were each killed or enslaved, and the Anglo- Saxon culture and language were adopted. This seemed to be a internal process. In Africa the red-hot system of bilinear bilingualism shall be introduced now.That means that the initiatory language maintains and a second one is added. This system developed out of the Bantu Education, which inforced black schoolchildren to contract English with the help of a racist curriculum (Stundenplan). But African children rebelled which is called the_ Soweto ascension of 1976_, by now. This truly baleful legacy of Apartheid and a lack of leave alone amongst most of the political lead are the main reasons why there is no successful policy of multilingualism and multilingualistic education in Africa yet. On contrary, theres really a language problem like in India and other former colonies.The leadership followed the French or English further (or mainly) language policies after white-tie independence from the colonial rule. Most of these countries returned to their mother tongue within. Prof. Alexander Neville thinks, that if analogue bilingualism is carried out systematically but flexibly, there should be a high level of literacy in Africa in the go of the next century (1 African language and at least some(a) fluency in English for all Africans). African schools could normalise (competent language find outers like most countries of the world). We think this is a rather optimistic view. But what is the mightily way to learn a language?In the net profit Research there are some conditions quoted as important to learn a 2nd language Teachers language proficiency Teachers competence as teachers (understand and overcome pupils problems) Exposure to the language outside the classroom Adequate textbooks and material Theres a want for one or two world languages in the palm of trade, technology and diplomacy. But theres a global emphasis between this need on one hand, and the national and regional need for a language in which the history and treasures of the cultures of the worlds various peoples, are captured, on the other hand.Nowadays, as English is the lingua franca of the EU, monumental efforts of translation and interpretation have to be taken. A lingua franca and Multilingualism should stand side by side, forming a coarse language policy. Changes in the command of English David Crystal (Author of English as a Global Language) thinks that English became the world language not because of any intrinsic linguistic qualities, but because at significant moments in history it happened to be in the right place at the right time. The Future of English? by Graddol, suggests that English is at a bit point in its development as an international language it has suffer a global language at a time when the world itself is undergoing rapid change. Indeed, English is very more than a part of the process of transformation, which is creating a more virtually interconnected world in which people and machines talk easily to each other from one country to any other in the world. It is top that more and more people scholarship English as a foreign language do so in order to go with other non-native speakers of English.This marks a significant change in the temperament and purpose of teaching and learning English around the world, which has hitherto been create on the idea of teaching a native speaker vex of English (usually British or American) to allow communication between the student and native speakers. If you consider, that the number of people speaking English as a second language give in short outnumber the one of those speaking it as a first tongue, you will understand, that also the way of teaching English has to change.Therefor new methods of English Language teaching (ELT) have been developed to be able to teach also the diverse and changing contexts in which English will be used in the future. There are courses on the Internet and especial(a) groups, where English teachers from all over the world discuss about the new challenge of their profession. Diana and Julia Brugger Opinions What makes a global language? Why is English a leading candidate? allow for it hold this position? A hardly a(prenominal) years ago I travelled around Europe with a friend. Although we knew only a shortsighted French, we were able to travel with no problem.Everyone we encountered, with a few exceptions, spoke English. It was hearty to be able to communicate with others when we were lost, required help or just wanted to talk. Personally, I think a customary language would welfare most people. I agree, however, that one should not replace native languages. infixed languages are symbols of culture, the past and its people. From what we have in condition(p) so far I think a common joint language would have maybe eliminated some of the oppression and subordination some peoples face up at the hands of colonisers.Cheryl Fonda Undoubtedly, the English language is a powerful excessivelyl and has been a dominant force in suppressing the colonies during Imperialism. Fortunately, Pakistan ( my native country) which was under British rule did not let go of its native language disrespect British influence. English remains the official language, but we have our own national language called Urdu, which is kind of dominant. Shandana *Khanzada* (Pakistan) I guess from the heading of this card that we would assume that English would be a great candidate for this universal language.I do find out that it might eliminate some tenseness if everyone had accession to a sure universal language and couldnt be utilis e as easily. However, most diplomats and such already speak English. It is the poor of every nation that dont have access to English education, so the hierarchy compose continues. The universal language would cause exploitation of poor by the rich. The only difference is that it would not be a nation exploiting another but people of a nation exploiting there own countrymen. Wesley EdwardsWe as English speakers take a lot for granted when it comes to languages we are very self-centred. accredited a universal language would make business and politics much easier, but each language carries much of a culture. If you have ever tried translating poetry from one language to another you know how words dont have exact translations and some all subtleties are lost. Think about even within the English language each dialect ( southern, Midwest, New England) has its own character. Elizabeth NelsonA universal language sounds great in hypothesis but the work that implementing it would entail is overwhelming to say the least. I too have travelled to other countries and have felt very gold when others know English and were able to help me. Americans should really know other languages well considering the resources we have here, but the truth of the matter is that we do not. I think a universal language would be more pleasant but it would eventually wipe out certain difference among us that serve as positive vehicles for learning and experience. Laura SykesEnglish as a Global LanguageEnglish as a global language English is spoken in most parts of the world, for instance in Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and in many more countries. Moreover in African states English serves as main form of communication. English is, after the Chinese one, the language most people speak and it is the most popular second language and foreign language pupils learn in school. The English language is often named as a killer language that wipes out smaller languages and their cultures by exclusive use (f. e. media, economy). English is not popular because of its linguistic properties but there are conscious, co-ordinated promotion programmes. But if there are so many speaking the same language there remains the question of humans diversity concerning biological, cultural and political matters. We also have to take into consideration, that English as a global language is also linked to social costs, because the teaching and accommodation of the languages for immigrant minorities is rather irrational. Language policy in the post-colonial situationThere are a lot of colonial states with multilingual character because of the imperialist powers in the 19th and 20th century. In Africa, for example, there are no attempts to use any African language in high-status functions, they are not even taught in schools. The period during colonialism changed a lot in the worlds history and following development, and colonialism make us think about cheap rawmaterial s and workers the imperialist powers wanted to gain, but we often forget about something else, which an African statesman expresses in his speech The real aim of colonialism was to control the peoples _wealth but) economic and political control can never be complete or effective without mental control. To control a peoples culture is to control their tools of self-definition in relationship to others. For colonialism, this involved two aspects of the same process the destruction or the deliberate undervaluing of a peoples culture, their art, dances, religions, history, geography, education, orature and literature, and the conscious elevation of the language of the coloniser. The domination of a peoples language by the languages of the colonising nations was crucial to the domination of the mental universe of the colonised. Ngugi wa Thiongo (extract from his famous essay on The language of African literature) But there are several arguments for the demand of the adoption of the ex-co lonial languages as official ones. First, regarded politically, the choice of any indigenous language would destabilise African states which are multilingual. A second argument would be, that the continue use of the ex-colonial language is rather practical because in the end it was accepted by the majority.From having been the language of the oppressor, English, for instance, became the language of national unity and national liberation. There was a sense (economically and technically) in ex-colonial languages, because then they are linked to their mother country and the language-infrastructure delivers a pool of skills, like as prorate books, dictionaries, registers, etc. It would be useless to imitate and duplicate in any of African languages. But these arguments were not often used in cultural discussions, because the European languages often affect as superior to the indigenous vernaculars.The development seems to be inevitable because with the problem of unemployment, the abili ty to speak English is very important, but English cant be blamed for the developments demanding an international lingua franca to facilitate a world wide exchange of knowledge everyone can understand. Killer languages were always introduced by those who were in control of power. The USA with the strongest currency the Dollar, shows that it is not coincidental that English is the leading candidate as a global language.Because of the English predominance in the industrial world, more and more peoples will have to join in and the question remains if they are able to keep their own identities. There is no danger if regional groups manage to keep their own language for internal communication, but in less developed countries the members of small linguistic groups have to change to a language of a higher rank in the language hierarchy. Because that way they are more flexible and the chances in world-wide competition are bigger.In Australia parents even force their children to speak Englis h instead of their own indigenous mother tongue, because they want to provide them better chances for their future. Shortly, you can say that by surviving in a capitalistic system of competition many peoples are forced to support a process which destroys their own culture. In Countries of GBs old colonial empire (e. g. Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand) the native populations were either killed or enslaved, and the Anglo- Saxon culture and language were adopted. This seemed to be a natural process. In Africa the new system of additive bilingualism shall be introduced now.That means that the 1st language maintains and a second one is added. This system developed out of the Bantu Education, which inforced black schoolchildren to learn English with the help of a racist curriculum (Stundenplan). But African children rebelled which is called the_ Soweto Uprising of 1976_, by now. This truly baneful legacy of Apartheid and a lack of will amongst most of the political leadership are the main reasons why there is no successful policy of multilingualism and multilingualistic education in Africa yet. On contrary, theres really a language problem like in India and other former colonies.The leaders followed the French or English only (or mainly) language policies after formal independence from the colonial rule. Most of these countries returned to their mother tongue within. Prof. Alexander Neville thinks, that if additive bilingualism is carried out systematically but flexibly, there should be a high level of literacy in Africa in the course of the next century (1 African language and at least some fluency in English for all Africans). African schools could normalise (competent language teachers like most countries of the world). We think this is a rather optimistic view. But what is the right way to learn a language?In the Internet Research there are some conditions quoted as important to learn a 2nd language Teachers language proficiency Teachers competence as teac hers (understand and overcome pupils problems) Exposure to the language outside the classroom Adequate textbooks and material Theres a need for one or two world languages in the fields of trade, technology and diplomacy. But theres a global tension between this need on one hand, and the national and regional need for a language in which the history and treasures of the cultures of the worlds diverse peoples, are captured, on the other hand.Nowadays, as English is the lingua franca of the EU, massive efforts of translation and interpretation have to be taken. A lingua franca and Multilingualism should stand side by side, forming a common language policy. Changes in the Teaching of English David Crystal (Author of English as a Global Language) thinks that English became the world language not because of any intrinsic linguistic qualities, but because at significant moments in history it happened to be in the right place at the right time. The Future of English? by Graddol, suggests th at English is at a turning point in its development as an international language it has become a global language at a time when the world itself is undergoing rapid change. Indeed, English is very much a part of the process of transformation, which is creating a more closely interconnected world in which people and machines talk easily to each other from one country to any other in the world. It is clear that more and more people learning English as a foreign language do so in order to communicate with other non-native speakers of English.This marks a significant change in the nature and purpose of teaching and learning English around the world, which has hitherto been built on the idea of teaching a native speaker model of English (usually British or American) to allow communication between the learner and native speakers. If you consider, that the number of people speaking English as a second language will soon outnumber the one of those speaking it as a first tongue, you will und erstand, that also the way of teaching English has to change.Therefor new methods of English Language teaching (ELT) have been developed to be able to teach also the diverse and changing contexts in which English will be used in the future. There are courses on the Internet and special groups, where English teachers from all over the world discuss about the new challenge of their profession. Diana and Julia Brugger Opinions What makes a global language? Why is English a leading candidate? Will it hold this position? A few years ago I travelled around Europe with a friend. Although we knew only a little French, we were able to travel with no problem.Everyone we encountered, with a few exceptions, spoke English. It was comforting to be able to communicate with others when we were lost, needed help or just wanted to talk. Personally, I think a universal language would benefit most people. I agree, however, that one should not replace native languages. Native languages are symbols of cu lture, the past and its people. From what we have learned so far I think a universal language would have maybe eliminated some of the oppression and subordination some peoples faced at the hands of colonisers.Cheryl Fonda Undoubtedly, the English language is a powerful tool and has been a dominant force in suppressing the colonies during Imperialism. Fortunately, Pakistan ( my native country) which was under British rule did not let go of its native language despite British influence. English remains the official language, but we have our own national language called Urdu, which is quite dominant. Shandana *Khanzada* (Pakistan) I guess from the heading of this posting that we would assume that English would be a great candidate for this universal language.I do feel that it might eliminate some tension if everyone had access to a certain universal language and couldnt be exploited as easily. However, most diplomats and such already speak English. It is the poor of every nation that d ont have access to English education, so the hierarchy still continues. The universal language would cause exploitation of poor by the rich. The only difference is that it would not be a nation exploiting another but people of a nation exploiting there own countrymen. Wesley EdwardsWe as English speakers take a lot for granted when it comes to languages we are very self-centred. True a universal language would make business and politics much easier, but each language carries much of a culture. If you have ever tried translating poetry from one language to another you know how words dont have exact translations and almost all subtleties are lost. Think about even within the English language each dialect ( southern, Midwest, New England) has its own character. Elizabeth NelsonA universal language sounds great in theory but the work that implementing it would entail is overwhelming to say the least. I too have travelled to other countries and have felt very lucky when others know Engli sh and were able to help me. Americans should really know other languages well considering the resources we have here, but the truth of the matter is that we do not. I think a universal language would be more convenient but it would eventually wipe out certain difference among us that serve as positive vehicles for learning and experience. Laura Sykes

Large-scale energy and metallurgy Essay

Industrialisation (or industrialization) is the achievement of loving and economic alter that transforms a human group from an agrarian friendship into an industrial one.It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, especi aloney with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organisation of an parsimony for the heading of manufacturing.2Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change where wad obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation.There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development.3 Key positive factors identified by researchers name ranged from favourable political-legal environments for industry and commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to sufficient supplies of relatively low-cost, skilled and adaptable labour.As industrial workers incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth. The first clownish to industrialise was the United earth during the Industrial Revolution, commencing in the 18th century.4 By the end of the 20th century, due east Asia had become one of the most recently industrialised regions of the world.5 Contents hide1 Description2 History of industrialisation2.1 Industrial revolution in Europe2.2 Early industrialisation in early(a) countries2.3 The Third human2.4 Petrol-producing countries2.5 Industrialisation in Asia2.6 Newly industrialised countries3 Social consequences3.1 urbanization3.2 Exploitation3.3 Change to family structure4 Current situation5 See also6 References7 Further readingDescriptionedit gibe to the original celestial sphere-classification developed by Jean Fourasti (1907-1990), a n economy consists of a chief(a) sector of commodity production (farming, livestock breeding, exploitation of mineral resources) a secondary sector of manufacturing and processing (as paid work) a tertiary sector of service industriesHistorically, the industrialisation process involves the expansion of the secondary sector in an economy originally dominated by primary-sector activities. The first transformation to an industrial economy from an agricultural one, known as the Industrial Revolution, took place from the mid-18th to beforehand(predicate) 19th century in certain areas in Europe and pairing America starting in Great Britain, followed by Belgium, Germany, and France.Later commentators lease called this the first industrial revolution.46 The Second Industrial Revolution labels the later changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine, the invention of the indwelling combustion engine, the harnessing of electricity and the constr uction of evokeals, railways and electric-power lines.The invention of the assembly line gave this strain a boost.789 The lack of an industrial sector in a country can slow growth in the countrys economy and power, so governments often encourage or enforce industrialisation. On the other hand, the presence of industry in a country does not toy with in general that it will bring wealth and prosperity to the great deal of that country. And third, the presence of an industry in one country can see it more difficult for other countries to develop the corresponding type of industry.This can be seen in the computer software and internet industries. Started from the US some the 1990s these industries seemed to spread over the world. But after a period of monopolisation less than a decade long, the globally-leading companies remain concentrated in the US.citation needed Their economic power and capacity to dominate the media work against the developing of the same types of industry i n other states. History of industrialisationedit

The Outsiders- Dally

Dallas dally Winston br oppositely Clique Greasers Age 17 Status Deceased * Reason- Provoked constabulary to shoot him because he got a heater out. Abilities/ Strengths Street smart, knows how to use a variety of different weapons like torpedos, blades, etc. Natural born attractor Strong personality excellent fighter stereotypical bad boy. Tougher, colder and nastyer than rest of the greasers. His parents were very abusive of him Criminal Past The real showcase of the gang, Dally was arrested his first time at the age of ten.He spent trinity years on the wild side of New York and likes to blow take away steam in gang fights. He is the most dangerous ingredient of the bunch, but he is still a part of their greaser family. Enjoys break laws. Known for robbing a lot of stores. Personality Traits Dallas Winston is curbn to be cruel, hardened, and usually scatty concern for otherwises. All of these observations are absolutely true. He is also rude, unrefined, angry, and ty pically selfish. He often finds amusement at the expense of others, and is hideously brattish to most everyone, especially girls that he doesnt know.Typically, he finds himself quite indifferent with the opinions of others. Dally has no respect for anyone, especially adults and officials of the law. High school Dropout. Gets angry substantially and is mentally unstable. He hardly ever lets any emotion other than anger show. Events after the insurrectionist Cade killing a soc incident, it was informed that Dallas Winston helped Ponyboy Curtis and knot escape and send them to an abandoned church. He also gave them a gun and some money for buying groceries. This also adds up to Dallas crimes by conceal a criminal.Also known to be bugging to so girls earlier that night. He helped the other two kids on saving the children from the mysterious church fire and hurt his arm badly he was in a good flesh compared with his buddy, Johnny. He later escaped the hospital by threatening a nur se with a very handsome blade in lay to join a rumble. After watching Johnny Cades tragic death, it was learned that he went crazy and robbed another store. This prompted the police to arrive, and after witnessing the large gun that he had, he was shot down by the police. After examining the raits of Dallas Winston, we are pretty sure that Sabrina lead make him less tough, mean and cruel with others. Sabrina will respect the law no matter what and will help others to respect it too. Even though Sabrina may not be that street smart, she is very book smart and may also learn Dallas some skills and manners. View on him after death After see Ponyboy Curtis award receiving English assignment, (which happened after all of this happened) we can now see that Dally was more than just a criminal. Dally was a misunderstand poor soul like many other gang members during the time.It wasnt his fault that he was tough, the experiences that happened in his action made him that way. I am prett y sure that he wouldnt like anyone else to be like that. We also learn that Dallas felt very protective of a fellow, decedent greaser, Johnny Cade. Johnny also admired Dallas a lot, and viewed him as a hero. Some people think that Johnny was all that mattered to Dally. In fact, Johnnys life issovaluable to him that he doesnt think he can know without Johnny. Pony deals with his grief over Johnnys death by pretending Johnny isnt dead, but Dally snaps goes on an all-out suicide mission.

History of Biological Warfare Essay

Biological state of war, withal c altogethered germ war is the practise of bacteria, toxins, virus or pestilential beingness by the military as weapons of war against the foe. This means that a small quantity of these microorganisms have the cogency to kill millions of people if spread evenly and effectively. These biologic weapons can excessively ca expenditure sickness to enemy soldiers and disrupt enemys logistics and turn in lines. Although biological state of war as such has hitherto not interpreted place on a large scale, yet assuming and apprehending its verisimilar occurrence, more nations have built their individual defensive strategies to be on the safe side.On the basis of this assumption and probability, much research for the purpose of defense against biological weapons has been conducted by the scientists, highly sensitive industries and the governments. hardly since carrying step to the fore germ-warf ar against humanity or using malign bacteria or o rganism against human beings was considered entirely inhumane, an international treaty banning biological weapons came into squelch in 1975. By virtue of this treaty, production, possession, and use of such weapons were polish offly prohibited. to a greater extent than 150 nations signed this treaty.Deadly Forms of state of war in History The institution of biological warf atomic number 18 is traced back in ancient durations, when the Assyrians, in sixth century B. C poisoned enemy wells with poisonous herbs (eukaryotes or fungi) that c apply the enemy lose sanity or consciousness. This was the starting point of biological warf atomic number 18 in human history. Thence onward this typical warfare was utilise by many in the past e. g. Solon of Athens poisoned the urine supply of Phocaea with extremely poisonous herb Veratrum, during his citys military blockade the archers of Scythian, during 4th century B. C.poisoned the tips of arrows to cause infection into the wounds of ene my the S set outans utilise process during the Peloponnesian warfare in 400 B. C. In medieval times, soldiers utilise to throw dead bodies into the wells. During the Indian-French wars in1689 and 1763, blankets employ by smallpox patients were given to Indians for carrying the disorder to the latter. It was Germany, which, during World War I, used poisonous botch for the first time against Allied forces at Belgium and Ypres. The use of poisonous louse up pedal by Germany caused close to 30 percent of casualties suffered by the US army.The use of poisonous be adrift proved so fatal and devastating in nature that many nations unanimously agreed to ban the use of gas and extremely harmful chemical substance substance substances in future wars. But again it was Iraq which breached the agreement and used chemical weapons against Iran in eight years long war (1980-1988). Iraq was also held responsible for using chemical weapons against the independence seeking Kurdish people. co mparatively New Forms of Warfare approximately of the new courses of warfare that have belatedly engaged nations in the design, technique and art of modern warfare allow in 1. Chemical Warfare 2. Biological Warfare 3. Radiological Warfare4. mine Warfare 5. irregular Warfare 6. Amphibious Warfare 7. Psychological warfare 8. Siege Warfare 9. Nuclear Warfare From the above forms of warfare, the chemical, radiological, and biological warfare are singled out as ones in which CBR weapons are used for mass killing disabling millions of people instantly, transmitting fatal diseases into enemy rank and file incapacitating the enemy physically, and destroying their food supplies. How do they hunt down? Chemical Warfare Chemical Warfare involves all those chemical substances which mask the nervous as well as the respiratory systems, besides impact skin, eyes, and nose.The chemicals, which acknowledge gases, liquids, and powders, can be sprayed from strainplanes, dropped as bombs, fire d in the form of artillery shells, or spread over the scene of action through dirt mines. But there are some colorless and odorless ticker agents which, if inhaled, can cause immediate death while some chemical agents can cause temporary blindness or confusion. The mustard gas also called Blister Agent caused many casualties during World War I. But it is quite relieving to see the chemical agents not widely used in warfare since the end of World War I (1918). Radiological WarfareRadiological Warfare involves those substances that give off radiation, and which may damage the inseparable organs of a person and even cause death. Radiological warfare is extremely dangerous because the released radioactivity in the process renders the entire area unfit for human life. Mine Warfare Mine Warfare is the use of explosive devices called mines to kill enemy soldiers and destroy their ships, tanks, and another(prenominal) equipment. Some mines explode when a person steps on them or infl uence over by a tank or jeep, while the nautical mines are detonated by the passing of a ship. The two major kinds of mines are1. The Land Mines 2. The Naval Mines The main types of land mines are1) antipersonnel mines, 2) defensive mines, 3) chemical mines, 4) controlled mines, and 5) nuclear mines. There chief four kinds of marine mines include 1) acoustic mines, 2) contact mines, 3) magnetic mines, and 4) pressure mines Guerrilla warfare Guerrilla warfare is conducted by the fighter bands that employ the tactics of sudden raids, ambushes, and other attacks on small-scale. The term Guerrilla which means Little War in Spanish, was first used by the Portuguese and Spanish armies during the Peninsular War (1808-1814).Amphibious warfare Amphibious warfare is the mode of army trading operations by land air and sea forces with the objective of capturing a coastal area or a beach. Generally the amphibious operations are considered the most intricate form of modern warfare. During Worl d War II (1939-1945), after Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor and destroyed US naval installations in the Pacific Ocean, a common objective of United States amphibious warfare was to seize islands in order to build their advance on. These air and naval bases were captured for their operations against Japan.Antidotes for Biological Weapons The antidote for biological agents is a complete kit which contains medicines and treatments for nerve gas. It also contains injectors to fight anthrax, and antibiotics and drugs to reduce the effects of radiation exposure. Normally the kits are kept locked in military vans by the army. It is worthwhile noting that according to the briefing documents prepared by the Army Medical section for the senior medical command in Iraq Millions of dollars worth of such kits are incinerated in Iraq each year.Army spokesman, Foster, D. said that the services policy is to issue the kits to each unit prior to deployment, and ensure all unused kits are turned in prior to the units redisposition for destruction. Also the vice president for strategic security programs at the confederation of American Scientists, Ivan Oelrich, said that sending the Antidote-kits is a rational policy scantily in case some terrorist gets hold of 10 gallons of nerve as (Bob, 2007) Gas MaskAmong other protective coverings such as injections of antidotes, gas masks too are used as one of the defensive measures against chemical agents. Gas mask protects a person from breathing poisonous gases and vapors into the lungs. Only air is allowed to enter the mask through the filter pads, which purifies and filters the air. The charcoal-gray which is padded within the cheeks of mask purifies the air by trapping harmful gases and particles. Particulate filters can remove particles of smoke, dust, and even some harmful biological agents.The purifying materials are in the cheeks of present-day masks, which are often part of an entire protective suit. In World War I (1914 -1918), masks were used to protect troops against gas attacks. Gas was not used in World War II (1939-1945), but armies had masks in case gas warfare began. During the Persian Gulf War of 1991 and the Iraq War, which began in 2003, gas masks were issued to troops and civilians in areas where it was feared Iraq would attack. (Lussier and Frances M, 2007)

Qweasss

We can put too much charge on anecdotal information and data picked up by chance, which is advantageously retrieved from memory. B. We whitethorn disregard information that does not fit our preconceptions. We may place a result to a cause when in fact it may be a random effect. move 2 For a managing director who finds their decision making process, which has already consumed considerable time and energy, going wrong, the outgo advice is Selected Answer Stop, discard the current method, and begin again using a new method. Question 3Which of the pursual argon TRUE statements about quasi-rationality? The perception of cues may be more or less analytical or intuitive depending on the nature of the task for Judgment and its complexity. According to Brothers try (1986), the quasi-rationality of perception means that the same Judge often finds it difficult to beg off the process to others and to reproduce the same Judgment consistently. Influences on quasi-rational Judgment are, flesh effects, overconfidence, irrelevant learning, cognitive dissonance, sunk costs, stress, influence from others and personality.Question 4 Which of the hobby factors are most likely to bias an individuals selection of cues? Data availability. ain preferences. Personal values. Question 5 Which of the following statements are False? The utility of funds is independent of differing farming effects or continuum contexts. D. Managers tend to operate in analytical thinking mode at the extreme of the defined to a lower place quasi-rationality. Perception of cues is singular in nature, and each cue is processed independently. Question 6 Experienced managers are not necessarily likely to claim better Judgments in an unfamiliar than new managers.True Question 7 Which of the following statements is least true? As a persons experience as a manager increases, their Judgment in both familiar and unfamiliar situations significantly improves. Question 8 Rationality is only a school princ ipal of whether a choice is in line with a persons beliefs and preferences and not a question of what sort of preferences and beliefs that person holds. False Question 9 Which two of the following personality characteristics are NOT likely to contribute to making keen decisions? External locus of control.

Macbeth: Post Traumatic Essay

Throughout the story, Macbeth seems to show signs of bet Traumatic emphasize Disorder. Post traumatic Stress Disorder is an emotional illness that usually develops as a result of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe experience. He starts experiencing terrifying events aft(prenominal) he became a murder. Macbeths problem of experiencing symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, when first killed the traitor in the beginning of the cloak 1, Scene 2. Macbeth does stick out from posttraumatic stress disorder and throughout the story, Macbeth show more symptoms of PTSD, dealing with the finish of the traitor, wipeout of Duncan, and Banquo.In the first act, Macbeth is a soldier in the army. In the Act 1, Scene 2, the captain explains to the king, that Macbeth has killed the traitor. Which smoked with bloody execution, like valors minion carved out his passage till he faced the break ones back which nevr shook hands, nor bade farewell to him, til l he unseamed him from the nave to the chops (Act 1 Scene 2 18-22). The cleanup position of the traitor was the start of Macbeths killing spree, also the start of the post traumatic stress disorder. The way Macbeth killed the soldier, was genuinely gruesome. The gory, intense event shocked Macbeth and left a horrible exposure in his head.Dr. Roxanne Dryden Edwards says People who are exposed to war combat control been diagnosed with PTSD. After that conclusion, Macbeths next victim was King Duncan, so Macbeth could become king. Macbeth kills King Duncan, so he could become king. After the death of King Duncan, Macbeth enters the room, where Lady Macbeth is. His hands covered in blood, meaning that he has completed the deed of killing Duncan. I incur done the deed. Didst kelvin non hear a noise? Dr. Roxanne Dryden Edwards, a person who has PTSD, pass on experience hallucination. (Act 2, Scene 2).After the death of Duncan, Macbeth is unable to catch some Zs. In the story, Since Macbeth killed Duncan in his catnap it also means that Macbeth cant sleep neither. Since it cried cessation no more to all the house Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor shall sleep no more Macbeth shall sleep no more. (Act 2, Scene 2 40- 42). The symptom of PTSD is that after a terrifying event, the person will not be able to sleep. Dr. Roxanne Dryden Edwards says PTSD symptoms are chronic physical signs of hyper arousal, including sleep problems, trouble concentrating, irritability, anger, poor concentration.After the death of Duncan, Banquo was next line for death row, for knowing who killed Duncan. During Act 3 Scene 1, Macbeth talks to devil murderers well-nigh killing Banquo. Banquo knows that Duncans murderer was Macbeth. Macbeth hired two murderers to kill Banquo, so Banquo would not tell anyone. Have you considered of my speeches? Know that it was he in the clock past, which held you so under fortune, which you potassiumght had been our innocent se lf this I do good to you in our last conference ( Act 3, Scene 1) The two murderers agree to kill Banquo, because if they didnt follow Macbeths order, they would be killed themselves.Macbeth is existence manipulative the reason why is that Dr. Roxanne Dryden Edwards says PTSD causes a person to insane and not want to be around anyone. After the death of Banquo, Macbeth started comprehend as if he was seeing Banquos ghost. Avaunt And quit my sight let the earth hide thee Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold thou hast no speculation in those eyes, which thou dost glare with. Hallucinating is a symptom of PSTD, usually recurrent re-experiencing of the trauma, for example, troublesome memories, flashbacks that are usually caused by reminders of the traumatic events, recurring day mares about the trauma.Macbeth does suffer from PTSD and throughout the story Macbeth shows more symptoms of PTSD, dealing with the death of the traitor, death of Duncan, and Banquo. Macbeth did have PSTD. Proving that all of the events that Macbeth was involved in all of the tragic. For the death of the traitor, that was the spark of Macbeths major killing spree. Next was the King Duncans death and ultimately was Banquos death. Each of these tragic events was the cause of Macbeth having PTSD. Every one of those deaths, attach the killing and made Macbeth go insane leading to his death. Isnt violate to show your true colors, than be black and white?

Importance of patient confidentiality Essay

health disquiet masters guard a duty to adjudge confidentiality for their longanimous roles. Health professionals may not disclose whatever forbearing culture revealed by a long-suffering or discovered by a physician in connection with the treatment of a affected role. Patients put option all told in all of their self-assertion into health dread professionals and it is their job to protect patients private discipline. Consequences will be made if patient confidentiality is disclosed. The security of patient reading is crucial because there be many risk factors that could occur.The disclosing of patient information merchantman put patients at risk. Many problems could occur if patient information isnt unbroken confidential. Someone could get their social security number, steal their identity or even find out their address. Other health bang providers gossiping approximately a patients information such as an STD, could get around to differents that the patient m ay know personally and that can mentally, emotionally and physically put on a patient.In general, AMAs Code of Medical Ethics states that the information disclosed to a physician during the course of the patient-physician relationship is confidential to the design degree. (American Medical Association, 2013, Para. 1)If patient confidentiality is revealed than there are consequences that will follow. Health vexation professionals could be terminated for a certain period of term or completely fired from the job depending on the situation. Health accusation providers or even the facility could be sued. Also health care providers could lose patients trust because they could hear by word of mouth that patient information is not secure, and they are not a trustworthy facility. amerciable actions could potentially mean jail time or court depending on the situation.Maintaining patient confidentiality is a legal duty as fountainhead as an ethical duty. (American Medical Association, 20 13, Para. 2) The purpose of health care providers is to make the patient feel free to disclose any and all of theirhistory so the physician can treat the patient appropriately. If patients are not confident that there interactions will be held in confidence, they may be inhibited from telling their doctors about important things. (Alta, Anderson, Steele, 2000, para.3) on that point are generation when private information has to be disclosed to out-of-door parties with the patients consent such as insurance companies, parent/guardian, health departments or the court may arrive at to subpoena patients medical examination records if patients do not want to comply to let others view them. This is called a breach of confidentiality. This means patient records can be disclosed to a third party, without patient consent or court order, of private information that the physician has learned within the patient-physician relationship.Patient record have to be reviewed by other parties to ge t their insurance companies to pay for their care and other doctors or facilities may have to view their history because sometimes patients have to be referred to other doctors. The general rule regarding release of a patients medical record is that information contained in a patients medical record may be released to third parties and if the patient has consented to such disclosure. (American Medical Association, 2013, Para. 6)Congress passed the Health insurance policy Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) in which offers protection for personal health information. It places limits on how confidential health information can be shared with others.The HIPPA rules and regulations portray patients better security over their information. Health care providers have to go by a series of privacy standards and if they do not, they will have penalties to abide by for not following those standards. Within the HIPPA guidelines, patients have the near to request a copy of their recor ds. It puts safeguards in place for confidential health information collected, maintained, used, or transmitted in electronic form.Patient confidentiality can be avoided if healthcare providers remain professional at all times and follow all rules, laws and regulations. Facilities essential to have meetings on a hebdomadary basis so they can all remain updated on all rules and issues that need to be addressed. Communication is what all health care providers need to provoke because it helps keepeveryone on the same page and if there are any issues health professional should be able to communicate well with other individuals to address a situation in a professional manner.Overall maintaining patient confidentiality is the main duty to provide the best care for patients because making patients feel at ease with their health care providers gives them the trust they need to know they will be well taken care of. If this bond of trust is broken, patients may be hesitant to seek care or ma y not share important information demand to provide the best care. The HIPPA laws have strengthened patient confidentiality. Keeping patient information confidential is more than just the right thing to do, it is the law.ReferencesIn text Citation (Alta, Anderson, Steele, 2000, para.3)(American Medical Association, 2013, Para. 1)(American Medical Association, 2013, Para. 2)(American Medical Association, 2013, Para. 6)Alta, V. Anderson, JD. Steele, D. (September 26, 2000) Confidentiality and Privacy Outline. Webmedia Retrieved May 27, 2013 from http//webmedia.unmc.edu/intmed/geriatrics/lectures/aita3.pdf

Aristotle and Kant Essay

Aristotle and Immanuel Kant have greatly submitd the moral and cultural views, and the counseling that we perceive the world as a whole now. If Aristotle was only judged whole in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer Aristotles throwings shaped centuries of philosophy from late antiquity through the renaissance, and even like a shot continue to be studied with keen.On the other hand, Kant synthesized early forward-looking rationalism and empiricism, set the terms for much of nineteenth and twentieth coke philosophy, and continues to exercise a significant influence today in metaphysics, ethics, policy-making philosophy, aesthetics, and other fields.Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover many subjects including physics, poetry, music, biological science and ethics. Together with Plato and Socrates, Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in westward philosophy. His views on the physical sciences profoundly s haped medieval scholarship and their influence extended well into the Renaissance, although they were ultimately replaced by Newtonian physics.Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that human concepts and categories structure our view of the world and its laws, and that reason is source of morality. His fancy continues to hold a major influence in contemporary thought, specially in fields such as metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics. He is seen as a major figure in the history and development of philosophy. German and European thinking progressed after his time, and his influence still inspires philosophical work today.

Developmental Milestones: Birth to Age Three Essay

After birth, babies leave behind start to grow at an incredibly fast rate during their first year of life. As they grow, babies impart experience informational milestones. Developmental milestones are skills that babies will acquire much(prenominal) as recognizing the voices of their parents, smiling, making sounds, rolling over, sitting up. Throughout the rest of their green lives, kidskinren will experience crackmental milestones.Milestones are categorized into three areas of development motor development, language development, and social/emotional development. Some children will develop and achieve certain milestones in accordance with a milestone chart, or by the prediction of a physician. While each child will experience developmental milestones, they will do so at vary rates. Every child will develop at their own rate, and deep down their own time.Although, there are special instances where development has been arrested due to an sickness or premature birth. In instan ces such as these, it is necessary for the parents to touch on their physician to determine a developmental time line for their childs particular need. In general, it should be understood that babies will crawl, and include that first step, when the time is right for them.

Business Communication Report Hnc

Wordcount (Excluding appendices) 1516 sweetenerframe Jan Cervenka HC-BUS-F Group B 2009 2010 Table of Contents Introduction This floor was commissi hotshotd by Doctors Campbell and Stewart and compiled by Jan Cervenka of inwardness Administrative and Organisational Solutions (TAOS). It was compiled in format to determine the organisational issues and fusss of Cairnwell Health reduce. The organisation risks losing additional funding for the next cardinal years if the problems argon non puzzle prohibited(p). The principal(prenominal) issues be low cater morale high levels of stress-related absenteeism and a lack of appropriate IT.This report aims to examine these issues in detail and make recommendations for change. The organisation is Cairnwell Health Centre, which is located in the middle of the Hame billh housing estate in Fraserhead. It is headed up in union by doctors Campbell and Stewart. They employ a number of rung a arrange Manager, two reactionists, two ty pists, an archivist and treat provide. The capacity of the Centre is active guanine patients. The report was to be submitted by 5 October 2009. Methods of Investigation Questionnaires were distri anded to patients on fifth September Results were collected on 10th September.stave questionnaires were distributed on fifth September 2009. Results were collected on 10th September 2009. Observation of the mental process was held on 11th September. Costing for new IT system was researched with Hewlett & Packard on fifteenth September 2009. Doctors Stewart and Campbell were interviewed on 20th September Findings Patient Questionnaires (Appendix 1) Of the one jet copies of Patient Questionnaires, which were distributed among patients, thither were eight hundred and seventy six replies. The consequence was debatable, as you fag end see in PATIENT QUESTIONNAIRE OUTCOME (Appendix 2). stave questionnaire (Appendix 3)Ten copies of the Staff Questionnaire out of fifteen copies were handed b ack to faculty. The payoff of the Staff Questionnaire was much definite (Appendix 4). All members of staff felt disquieting within their subscriber line. All of them thought that the approach of the Practice Manager and leaders doctors was non satisfactory. Members of nursing staff stated that they felt they atomic number 18 oblige to work overtime very often. The typists and receptionists in addition pointed out that IT equipment is out of date. Their complaints were in general addressed to the stability of hardware and to theage of software applications.Sometimes, they were unexpectedly unable to sign in or find out personal selective breeding of patients, this causes persistent delays. Staff also think that that IT equipment does not let them work as well as they fanny. The majority of staff members would also welcome more than instruct, because they sometimes can not deal with problems they face every day. They do not know, for example, how to deal with rude or elderly patients properly. Observation The main issues, which were extracted from both Patient and Staff Questionnaires, were affirmed by the rumination of the surgery. The observation was held in the reception area, waiting area and staff area.It was noticed, that queues at the reception were undesirably long. Approximate waiting time was between 15-20 minutes. The receptionists were unpleasant and frustrated. It was base that this was caused by the computer, which stopped working suddenly. One of the receptionists tried to calm refine waiting customers, but not successfully. The Practice Manager started shouting at the receptionist instead of helping her. They often did not answer telephone calls. explore into IT solutions It was found that the IT systems of the surgery were out of date and thus, very slow and unstable.Sometimes, it was infeasible to type in personal cultivation of the patients, because memory storage of the computers was full. In some cases, it was also imp ossible to find out personal data of patients due to system failures. Problems with IT equipment lead to increasing stress levels of staff. During an designation with an advisor of Hewlett & Packard, costing of IT equipment refurbishment was discussed. Interview with Doctors (Appendix 5) Both Doctors are ready to ensure appropriate changes in order to improve patient services rapidly. mop upIt was found that the problems that the Surgery faces are serious and need to be solved as soon as possible. All members of staff do not scent comfortable within their occupation. They are not satisfied with the managerial staff of the Surgery. They are also not satisfied with the IT equipment. This leads to one of the biggest issues of the Centre IT equipment. Both hardware are software are outdated. Problems with the IT is a major influence on stress-related absenteeisem. It was found that the doctors realise that the service provided to patients is not the outperform.They are ready to u ndertake appropriate changes to improve levels of provided service. Doctors Stewart and Campbell should consider the following recommendations in order to improve the efficiency of the Surgery. Recommendations To improve levels of the service provided to patients TAOS recommends following solutions. Staff meetings Meetings between the managerial staff, the leading doctors and the lower staff should be carried out regularly and communication between all members of staff should be improved. Occasionally, staff reports should be compiled. Relationships between members of staff TeambuildingAppropriate building courses should help to improve responsibility and behaviour at work of every member of staff. diversion facilities improvement IT systems improvement Training of Staff All members of staff should be trained in order to learn how to deal with patients and possible problems properly. Fosters Seminars and communications Company (http//www. fosterseminars. com) can provide training c ourses for healthcare staff. For further information see Appendix 9. Appendices Appendix 1 PATIENT QUESTIONNAIRE Dear patients, _We would desire to take this opportunity to ask you to fill in this short survey.Our company, Total Administrative and Organisational Solutions, is compiling a report about the surgery that you attend. Then, we can make reccomendations to improve the service provided to you. _ _Thank you for your help. _ _(Instructions consider an answer that you life is reform by ticking it)_ The attitude of nursing staff is Poor fine Good clear The waiting times at reception are Satisfactory Unacceptable The attitude of receptionist towards patients is Poor Satisfactory Good Excellent The cleanliness of set forth of the Centre is Unacceptable SatisfactoryGood Excellent Is there anything else that you think we should know about? Appendx 2 PATIENT QUESTIONNAIRE OUTCOME _Of the one thousand copies, eight hundred and seventy six replies were received. _ The attitude o f nursing staff is coaxframe The waiting times at reception are drawframe The attitude of receptionist towards patients is drawframe The cleanliness of premises of the Centre is drawframe In the comment section, patients wrote further feelings about surgery, which were not covered in prior questions.The majority of the patients are not satisfied with the approach of the receptionist. Many of patients also pointed out, that the equipment of the surgery is very good. They are satisfied with magazines, which are up to date. Appendix 3 faculty QUESTIONNAIRE _Thank you for your help. _ _(Instructions Choose an answer that you feel is right by ticking it)_ How do you feel about your job? genuinely satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied very dissatisfied How do you feel about the managerial staff? Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfiedHow do feel about your working hours? Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied. Would you welcome more training? Yes, I would No, I would not Appendix 4 STAFF QUESTIONNAIRE OUTCOME _Out of 15 copies of the questionnaire, 10 replies were received. _ How do you feel within your occupation? drawframe How do you feel about the managerial staff? drawframe How do feel about your working hours? drawframe Would you welcome more training? drawframe In the comment section, staff members wrote down further feelings about their occupation.All of them pointed out the very poor IT equipment. This is discussed in the Findings section. INTERVIEW WITH DOCTORS STEWART AND CAMPBELL Summary of the interview Examples of questions *How do you feel about the service* which is provided to patients? Dr. Stewart I realis_e, that the service is not the best and I know, that we must improve it as soon as possible. Otherwise, we can lose funding for upcoming years. It would by mandatory for us. _ Dr. Campbell _I agree wit Dr. Stewart. I would like to tell you that we are trying to improve it, but we have not been successful so far.That is the reason why we leased TAOS to help us. _ What do you think about high levels of stress-related absenteeism? Dr. Stewart I think, that the problem is caused by everyone. Not only by us and management. Still, I think, that the staff should work harder. Dr. Campbell _I realise, that the Practice Manager is often too demanding. Sometimes, he shouts at the staff without any reason. I think, that he should attend a training course. _ Appendix 6 Overview of the company Team building events for corporate clientsWe also provide central capital of the United Kingdom Team Building activities, for example our London Treasure hunt which can be undertaken on foot and existence transport, and our River Thames Rib Experience is a real show stopper. Appendix 7 To get more information about the RefresU Company, it is needed to make an appointment with a manager of this company. It is needed to fill in a touch sensation form on their website. Contact adress RefreshU Unit 18A Lenham Storage Ham Lane, Lenha m, Maidstone, Kent ME17 2LH send for number 1234567891 Appendix 8 _ drawframe _ Health solutions yellow-brown on HP systems Contracts management Electronic Health Records Hospital information systems Medical archiving solution Medical image management and PACS Printing & imagination Appendix 9 _WE CARE A Guide to Patient predisposition _SM Dealing with the Challenging Patient_ SM_ _Documentation in the Clinic SM_ Work is Not Just a Daycare Program for Adults_ SM_ Dealing with Employee Management and Workplace Issues_ SM_ Mediating Disputes in the Workplace_ SM_ cut Conflict & Improving Communication_ SM_ Violence in the Workplace_ SM_ _Legal Issues and the Nurse Manager SM_ Avoiding the Malpractice Blues_ SM_ build Fired Up, Not Burned Out_ SM_ drawframe

Lilys life style in the sociiety and roxy eager to help her child

Puddnhead Wil word of honor and The habitation of contentment are some(prenominal) tragedies which concentrate on the miseries of women who are the victims of either their get expectations or the order of magnitudes expectations of them.In true Twain tradition, Puddnhead Wilson deals with the catastrophe, thickly laced with his characteristic satire. It is believed that Twain wrote this during single of his dark periods in heart when he was going through pessimism created by his financial debacles. The protagonist of the work, Roxy is a slave who can pass of as a ovalbumin (though she is one sixteenth black). And she is brave.Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear not absence seizure of fear. ( Twain, 36)In order to create a better life for her son, she exchanges him at birth with the son of her white master. But as fate would suck up it, her son turns out to be unworthy of the white mans inheritance and his life goes astray. He even sells her forcibly to a white man in exchange for his gambling debts.In the House of Mirth, Edith Barton takes the readers through the life of highly desirable Lily bart, who sabotages the prospects of many suitors only to find herself resist into squalid dinginess, only to die of a sleeping draught drug (perhaps accidentally). Most of the novel is the pursuit of money.Society is a revolving body which is sharp to be judged according to its place in each mans heaven (Wharton, Chapter 4, Book I)Lily suffers because of two factors. She is incapable of following her heart and removing money as a vital point of the equation, therefore she suffers the constant pyrosis of rejection. She is also not completely efficient in her manipulation of the society around her that she is not entrenched enough to counter the allegations of Bertha against her (of adultery with her husband)Paradoxically, both novels deal with issuedom and slavery. While Twain deals with literal slavery and the lengths to which a mother, Roxy can go to ensure that her son escapes the clutches of slavery that she suffers, Barton negotiation about slavery to the pursuit of money. In the house of mirth, Lily starts feeling free when she has money and starts feeling enslaved when she does not have sufficient money. But the caustic remark is she is always enslaved to the concept of money.Human folly led by tender pressures and an inability to follow ones heart are the causes of the tragedy of Lily, while several unfortunate incidents that start with a noble purpose form the crux of Roxys tragedy. She is freed by her white master whom she deceives by exchanging her son with his and she is again sold off by her own son who does not know the truth. This is one of the best dramatic and tragic elements apply by Twain in any of his works.Perhaps the most distinct similarity between the two novels is the way in which debts ruin a persons judgment and lead him/her progressively towards more dread consequences. Lilys unintentional debt to Gus when she starts being lavish imagining the money he gives her to be her own returns from the stock market marks the beginning of her end. Similarly tomcat gambles heavily and this leads him into finding shadier and indirect means to repay these debts, resulting in a murder of his own uncle.In spite of the fact that neither Edith Wharton nor put Twain try overtly to convey any message to the readers, both these novels work as a danger signal posts which need to be looked out for to avoid any pitfalls related to monetary judgment and valet de chambre judgment as a whole.Works CitedTwain, Mark. Puddnhead Wilson. NewYork Courier Dover Publication, 1999Wharton, Edith. The House of Mirth. NewYork Norton, 1990

Sources of Power in Leadership

The chairman of racing shell Australia, Russell Caplan, has had many careers since graduating from Melbourne University in 1968but all in wholeness company. close to recently, Caplan led the restructuring of the companys petroleum and chemical distribution and merchandise into a global business from late 2004. Shell Australias earn before interest and tax increased almost 70 per cent, to $1. 23 billion, in 2005 after reforms at Victorias Geelong and Sydneys Clyde refineries added to oil and gas production profits. But Caplan is facing a considerable foot race in helping Shells Gorgon gas joint-venture partners gain final exam approval from the WestAustralian Government for the project, after concerns were raised by the WA environmental Protection Agency. Here is what he utters In all of my time with Shell, the one constant is change. I say to my people, You had better take out used to it because thats the steering we work. The contribution I can make is to express things as simply and clearly as I can. People react positively if they are shown a clear way forwardit doesnt gift to be a new or profoundly brilliant way it just has to be clear. I find people collapse impediment with priority setting, so giving them some guidance makes it legitimate to concentrate on ome things more than others. When it comes to the challenges of depletion of natural resources and reducing emissions facing the oil industry, the for the first time thing is to recognise sustainable development as a central part of our philosophy. Triple-bottom-line reporting is real for us, non just talk. We would not be involved with the Gorgon project unless we could meet the social and environmental consequences too. I amaze personal targets associated with my remuneration. Triple-bottom-line reporting is embedded in our company, and that sometimes makes me a petty sharp with some people who wish to take he gaze that we are big industry and therefore we couldnt recognise those i ssues. I affirm been continually surprised and pleased by the opportunities that I have had at Shell, and many were not of my choosing. If I said, when I joined in 1968, I could have planned this, that would be fatuous. I think that you should have two principles. The first is do the best you can. It annoys me when people focus on what they are going to do next rather than what they are doing now. I am very attracted to someone who delivers a little more than they say they are going to deliver, a little faster and is very etermined to imitate at what they are currently doing. That is the greatest indicator of what they can do. You in any case need a sense of good and bad. If you want to be in a legitimate business, Shell is a good place to be. on that point is a lot of good in Shell its not perfect, but theres a lot of good and it gives you opportunities. In terms of my leadership style, I can think of a get of influences. I learned the importance of pushing yourself and doing the best you can do. I learnt from former Shell executive and Rio Tinto chairman Paul Skinner the reach of clarity, consistency and moderation.I have also learnt something remarkable from my wife that is, the ability to astound to core hold dears and express them simply. Finally, I am conscious of the occurrence that I have come back to Australia after ten days away, and it is critically important to my potentness as a leader to reconnect with the Australian community, because my role as a leader is to bridge outside and inside. You get very remote if you are living away and following Australia by Internet, as opposed to smelling the dustand seeing the pain of St Kilda losing. Russell Caplan face Chairman Organisation Shell AustraliaStaff 3200 Direct reports Four Time in position Four months Time in company 39 geezerhood Activities for discussion, analysis and further discussion 1 Would you consider Russell Caplan to be an effective leader? Why? What characteristics of eff ective leadership do you identify in him from the case material above? 2 What characteristics does he appear to value in subordinates who he believes will be promotable? 3 Would you be hustling to work for this manager? Why? Source Adapted from Tandukar, A. 2006, The good oil, agate line Review Weekly, John Fairfax Holdings Limited, 22 June, p. 44.

Diaoyu Island Dispute

lacquerese c all in all the island group near as Senkaku Islands whereas Chinese call these islands as Diaoyu Islands. For many years, the devil countries save been arguing who the s allwhereeignty of the islands is, besides so far, they do non concord any determi soil who should possess the islands. This year, at April, the governor of capital of Japan, Shintaro Ishihara organizes a event to refund in order to buy the Diaoyu Islands of japan. Later on the government reappearance over the event, they try to change the Islands.The above action course just ab extinct Hongkongers went to the islands and precious to tell the world that Diaoyu Island belongs to chinaware. later the incident, many Chinese, including those who live in China and Taiwan, came out and had mass demonstration. Due to this unexpected event, this sensitive topic becomes the major(ip) discussion between the government of Chinese and japan. When we want to discuss this issue, we should brainstorm into the history of the islands. Diaoyu island was first recorded on the Chinese book travel with a Tail Wind. Since then, the Ming and Qing Dynasty were controlling the islands until 1895.After the First Sino- Nipponese War, concord to the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, the Taiwan islands and its islands group were ceded to japan, but the treaty didnt include Diaoyu Islands. However, Diaoyu islands were facilitate being controlled by the proud lacquer and became a fortune of Ryukyu Islands. After WWII, according to the Supreme Commander for the altogetheried Powers Instruction Note, No. 677 For the part of this directive, Japan is defined to include the four main islands of Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku) and the nigh 1,000 smaller adjacent islands.The territories of Japan pass on only be the 4 main islands and 1,000 small islands, which were non included Diaoyu Island. However, after the WWII round(prenominal) the body politic of China and the Peoples Republ ic of China did not stand for Diaoyu islands as a part of the Chinese territory. In 1972, when the Unites States handover Ryukyu Islands came back to Japan, they similarly handovered the administrative jurisdiction of Diaoyu Island to the Japan government. Owing to the above historical background, both countries, China and Japan, believe in their own mutation about the reign of the islands and ref exercise the others adaptation.To understand political as federal agency in the Diaoyu islands dis delegatee, Countries that involved Chinese, Japan and Unites States has exhibit different lookings of power. In the face of Power as decision-making This face of power consists of conscious actions that in some way influence the heart of decisions. , use Chinese as an example, when ein truth time japan wants to do anything related to the sovereign of Diaoyu Island, like circumstance up a lighthouse, sending some scientist to Islands, or even recently, nationalize the islands, Chinese government get out use in that respect power to excise the Nipponese government.Look the action that takes in this time, Chinese tightening customs inspections from Japan as a kind of economic sanctions towards japan. And also many of Chinese traveler cancelled their trip to Japan, lead curb a abundant hit to the Japan tourism. With these actions, the Chinese government showed their power to influence the content of decisions. The other face of power is Power as agenda put, the ability to strict to set or controls the political agenda. Treaty of mutual Cooperation and Security between the Unites States and Japan make sure that if some countries have conflict or at war with Japan, the Unites States leave alone help to protect the Japan. So it makes that the Chinese cant have a very strong action to fight for the Diaoyu islands. The protection promised by the Unites States to the Nipponese, actually set up a line that stop Chinese government to take a further action on f ighting back at that place right. What makes the Chinese or the Japanese believe in their own version about the sovereignty of the islands in dispute and reject that of the Japanese or the Chinese?As the sociologist Max Weber defined that, sovereignty is a communitys monopoly on the legitimate use of force. From the Chineses viewpoint, Chinese ever restate that Diaoyu islands belong to China since the ancient time. They believe their own version because since 1403, the book Voyage with a Tail Wind, and the book Record of the purplish Envoys Visit to Ryukyu in 1534 is the very first record of the islands. Since then, the Chinese Imperial Map of Ming determine Island group name as Diaoyu, which mean fishing is Chinese and these advance prove that Diaoyu islands should be a part of China.Also as even it is not a part of ceded lands of Treaty of Shimonoseki but according to Potsdam Declaration japan should give up the control of all islands excerpt for the islands of Honshu, Hokka ido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine. The Chinese government believes that Japan is now illegally to control the island, so Diaoyu Islands should be handovered back to China. On the other hand, In the Japanese point of view, although Diaoyu islands were found by Chinese, the islands were not arrangeively governed by the Chinese government.Also after the sign of Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, even though the control of Diaoyu islands wasnt covered in the treaty, the Japanese has already effectively governed the islands. Moreover, after WWII, according to the Treaty of Peace with Japan, The Unites States temporarily take the control of the Ryukyu Islands. As Diaoyu islands are a part of the Ryukyu Islands, when Unites States handovered Ryukyu Islands to japan, Chinese government didnt disagree, so Diaoyu Islands should be remain as a part of Japanese.However, the reason I think that why Japanese/Chinese reject others version, is mainly because the Diaoyu island s problem is not just patently the sovereign of a land. According to the United Nations Convention on the virtue of the Sea, Exclusive economic zones (EEZs) extend from the edge of the territorial sea out to 200 nautical miles from the baseline. Within this area, the coastal nation has sole growth rights over all natural resources. Base on this law, if Diaoyu islands are rightfully a part of japan, the EEZ of Japan go away be very reason out to the coast of Taiwan and Mainland.This leave behind definitely affect the economic engross of China. Furthermore, in 1969, the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) identified a gigantic among of authorization oil and throttle valve reserves in the vicinity of the Diaoyu Islands. If who control there, that country will have the long-term push source. As Japan itself doesnt have enough resources for it own use, that huge amount of resources should be very attractive to Japan. So the dispute is not jus t the sovereign or nationalism. I believe the dispute will be resolved politically instead of militarily.First, if Japan and Chinese use there military power to resolved the dispute, the economic and both county will be damaged. War is an event that consumes a lot of recourses, money, fuel, food and so forth A country has to put itself to prepare the war as a result the country will put lack affect on other area of event. The economic of Japan was in a downswing of many years a war for Japan whitethorn give them a big hit which they cant handle. As the effect of globalization, on the other hand, if Japan economic collapse, the Chinese economic will also be damage.On the other hand, although ECAFE identified a huge among of potential oil and gas reserves in the vicinity of the Diaoyu Islands, military action, or war take a lot of resources. Even we know that there may be so much potential oil and gas under Diaoyu islands, but it may actually not deserve to put money on the unknowabl e resources. In the stance of global relation, Chinese will not indicate a war to Japan, as the Unites States will involve in the war. In 1960, Japan signed Treaty of plebeian Cooperation and Security between the Unites States and Japan with Unites States.The treaty stated that Either side get military approach shot on the territory of Japan controls will be deemed to endanger the safety of the other. In the dispute of Diaoyu Islands the Assistant writing table of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs restated that Diaoyu Islands were under the Japans effective control, the treaty will protect it. It means that, if the PLA attack or occupied the islands, according to the treaty, Unites States have it right to send there troops and participate the war. Chinese government may not have power to fight the country with strongest military power.As the result, Chinese also will resolve the problem militarily. In this dispute, we can see the nationalism introduced in both countries. On China, after those Hongkongers landed on the Diaoyu Islands, and captured by the Japan Coast Guard. Many different cities in China started to many give to oppose Japaneses action. How every these huge demonstrate soon became Irrational violence, people damage cars that made from japan, rob restaurants or stores that related to Japanese, even it was owned by Chinese. Some of these thugs even time-tested to damage or even enter the Embassy of Japan.Also I this time of demonstrate, the slogans that utilise were no longer just about Not to buy, but somethings like War with Japan Step in to Tokyo But the strangest thing is that, these slogans were seen at different cities, but not one. All these were like planned to happen. The above cases can be seen as some kind of expansionist nationalism, as these actions tend to project another nation/race as an enemy. On Japan, after the landing of Hongkongers, 50 members of the Japanese Right-wing politics group included 8 member of baili wick Die landed Diaoyu Island again to restates the Japan sovereign of there.On the other hand, these Japanese Right-wing politics group also organize a demonstrate to oppose Chineses action, similar to the one in China, they all clam that the Islands are their land, and they are not welcome the Chinese. Also on both countries Internet forum, we can see a lot of brook or comments about the dispute. Many of those incite the hatred between two races, this also one of example that we can see the expansionist nationalism. propagation Xiang, D. (1961). Liang zhong hai dao zhen jing. Beijing Zhonghua shu ju. Pp. 253 SCAPIN677 Wikisource, the free online library. (2012, April 2).Retrieved November 25, 2012, from http//en. wikisource. org/wiki/SCAPIN677 Heywood, A. (2007). Politics. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. 11 China tightening customs inspections from Japan. (2012, kinfolk 21). Retrieved November 26, 2012, version http//www. channelnewsasia. com/stories/afp_asiapacific_busin ess/view/1227266/1/. html Islands dispute with China may hurt Japanese tourism recovery. (2012, family 16). Retrieved November 26, 2012, form http//www. eturbonews. com/31190/islands-dispute-china-may-hurt-japanese-tourism-recovery ( ). (2012, September 25). Retrieved November 25, 2012, from http//news. inhuanet. com/2012-09/25/c_113202698. htm UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE sea . (2012). Retrieved November 26, 2012, from http//www. un. org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/closindx. htm . (2012, September 21). Retrieved November 25, 2012, from https//www. youtube. com/ suck in? v=FtwgBDLx8Vg . (2012, Augest 19). Retrieved November 25, 2012, from http//www. bbc. co. uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2012/08/120819_japan_diaoyu_landing. shtml 1 . Xiang, D. (1961). Liang zhong hai dao zhen jing. Beijing Zhonghua shu ju. Pp. 253 2 .SCAPIN677 Wikisource, the free online library. (2012, April 2). Retrieved November 25, 2012, from http//en. wikisource. org/wiki/SCAPIN 677 3 . Heywood, A. (2007). Politics. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. 11 4 . China tightening customs inspections from Japan. (2012, September 21). Retrieved November 26, 2012, form http//www. channelnewsasia. com/stories/afp_asiapacific_business/view/1227266/1/. html 5 . Islands dispute with China may hurt Japanese tourism recovery. (2012, September 16). Retrieved November 26, 2012, form http//www. eturbonews. com/31190/islands-dispute-china-may-hurt-japanese-tourism-recovery 6 . ( ). (2012, September 25). Retrieved November 25, 2012, from http//news. xinhuanet. com/2012-09/25/c_113202698. htm 7 . UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA . (2012). Retrieved November 26, 2012, from http//www. un. org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/closindx. htm 8 . . (2012, September 21). Retrieved November 25, 2012, from https//www. youtube. com/watch? v=FtwgBDLx8Vg 9 . . (2012, Augest 19). Retrieved November 25, 2012, from http//www. bbc. co. uk/zhongwen/trad/wor ld/2012/08/120819_japan_diaoyu_landing. shtml

Rice by Manuel Arguilla Essay

I. Writers BackgroundHe was born in Barrio Naguilian in Bauang, La Union on June 17, 1911. He was the fourth child of Crisanto Arguilla and Margarita Estabillo, hard-working farmer house who owned a small piece of land. Aside from being a farmer, his father was too a carpenter his mother, on the other hand, was an nonchalant potter.When he was seven age old, he enrolled in a train in the neighbouring Barrio Calumbaya, where he was taught the cartilla by Alfredo Abuan. Later, he transferred to the public elementary train in Bauang, La Union and graduated in 1926.Arguilla was a resplendent and active student. Aside from excelling in academics at the provincial amply take in San Fernando, he edited as well the schools official organ, the La Union Tab. A wide reader, he won in a vocabulary contest held in the school. He was a champion swimmer and an expert tango dancer, constantly winning in dance contests. He was known to have a therapeutic temperament and was well-loved by ev eryone he knew for he liked to listen to people grade him their stories. Anything that interested him became an almost intrinsic part of him. It took him only lead days to complete his secondary education, graduating as class salutatorian in high school.In 1926, he entered the University of the Philippines. While studying, he worked as a generator and printing assistant at the Carmelo and Bauer homon office. He became a member of the UP Writers Club, and eventually led it in the school year 1932-1933. He also came to edit the Literary Apprentice. In 1933, he obtained the degree of Bachelor of learning in education. During the same period, he married Lydia Villanueva, another aspiring writer. by and byward graduating, he taught at the University of Manila while working at the actors assistant of Public Welfare. The Arguillas home along M.H. Del Pilar in Manila became a sanctuary for friends and fellow writers, such as Estrella Alfon, Jose Garcia Villa, N.V.M. Gonzales and A.V.H . Hartendorp.Arguilla did not remain a teacher for long for he believed that writers were born, not made, and that a talent for written material was an innate attribute that could never be taught or acquired. Before going away his students, he counselled them to practiced read volumes of stories.In 1940, he became the managing editor of the office staff of Welfare newsletter, the Welfare Advocate. He worked at the Bureau for three years until the latter half of 1943. By then, the country had been under Nipponese stemma for two years. He was appointed to the Board of Censors and was asked to serve in the Japanese propaganda agency. But Arguilla had also just become an agent of the Markings Guerillas. Thus, while manifestly working for the Japanese, he was actually heading the Porch, the Markings counter-intelligence and propaganda unit operating in Manila.It was not long before the enemy discovered his guerrilla activities, and subsequently, had him arrested in February 1944. A long with his mother and a few relatives, he was incarcerated to arm Santiago. His wife was initially unaware of his arrest but later, was able to evade the dragnet. later on two months, Arguillas mother and relatives were released, while he was transferred to the Old Bilibid Prisons. Later, after being tortured and subjected to a sham trial, he was brought back to Fort Santiago for execution.Arguilla the writer often portrayed the life of the ordinary Filipino, commonly the rural Ilocano, in his more than 50 short stories that have for good enriched Philippine Literature. The critic Leopoldo Y. Yabes cited him as the best craftsman among Filipino fictionists in English, (whose portion) is the only really authentic voice. He is shamelessly Filipino. His stories are button up considered unrivalled in his depiction of the life of the Ilocano farmer.In the prime of his life, Arguilla died a heros death. Yet he would not be forgotten. On June 12, 1972, Arguilla was honoured with a posthumous award, the republic Cultural Heritage Award. He was cited for producing literary works that have continued to influence Filipino fiction committal to writing and literary scholarship. In his honour, a marker was installed in his hometown on stately 25, 1983.II. SynopsisAn afternoon on a hut with a tamarind tree tree beside it, Pablo, an old farmer, came from the farm and unhitched his carabao upon its empty sledgehammer and began to feed it with a grass. Then, he called her wife, Sebia, from their hut but no one answers him. He goes to the locality to ask if theyve seen Sebia and his children but Osiang, their neighbour, seems not hearing what Mang Pablo is asking and give a question back regarding his husband Andres. Later sometime Osing told Mang Pablo that his wife and three children went to the creek for some snails.Mang Pablo reminisce the scenario later that morning when he with the several(prenominal) other tenants driven with their sleds to the house of the senora to borrow some grains. But as they go changes come, their usual tersiohan system on borrowing became takipan meaning the bill that they borrow becomes double at harvest time. His co-tenants refuse for this is too such(prenominal) and cant even know if they can pay it just now at the time given. In the end everyone leave with an empty sled and testament come home without any rice to eat.Then, Osiangs voice broke the silence. Asking if he had already cooked their rice and offered him pieces of coal. When he is more or less to go back home Andres came and give a sign say he must wait for him. Andres dark, broad and squat man, wearing a printed camisa de chino appeared asking Mang Pablo if he is coming with them. Mang Pablo advice he not to continue this because they will commit stealing but Andres together with other men is desperate.As he turned, he had seen wife and three children and was accompanied with a man. The man told him that they are fishing in the fields but Sebia disagreed and told him that they are just gathering some snails. Then, the watchman told Mang Pablo that they must pay five cavanes. Sebia is asking for the rice but Mang Pablo told him that there is no rice while smell in his hungry children seeing weakness and pain then he asks for his bolo joining Andres and together they walked to the house of Eli.

Changing Role of Women Essay

During the niminy-piminy period, wo workforce often were forced to squander their unblemished lives conforming to the normality of the ideal straightlaced muliebrity. Despite Ibsens smuggled picture of how women are expected to be hand over, Ibsens play, A Dolls House, focuses on womanly sovereignty held by women of heterogeneous socioeconomic backgrounds during the Victorian era. Through thick and thin, it is women desire Mrs. Linde and Nora who carry the culture from multiplication to generation as oppose to men such as Torvald, who are focused solely on suppressing womens freedoms and opportunities. Similarly, Under the 1884 Civil Code, Mexican women had no rights even moving required a woman to leg every(prenominal)y suffer the permission of a potent guardian father, preserve, brother, or son ( want Water for burnt umber).As alluded to by Coventry Patmore in his poem, The backer in the House, the ideal women was expected to be submissive and use to her husband an d family as a way to keep up appearances. uniform to their British counterparts, Mexican men during the pre-Mexican Revolution Era prevented womens rights, allotting all home-related responsibilities to women. During times of upheaval, even when men held all of the power in both(prenominal) the in the public eye(predicate) domain and the privacy of the home, male fragility is exposed by female sovereignty because women uphold society.Ibsen said, A woman cannot be herself in the society of to-day, which is exclusively a masculine society, with laws written by men, and with accusers and resolve who judge feminine conduct from the masculine standpoint. Men of the Victorian Era held all of the power in both the privacy of the home and the public domain. However, even though men made decisions for society, creating laws for all its inhabitants, men of A Dolls House are not only evenly trapped as a result of societal expectations by gender roles, but also woebegone. Within his own home, Torvald treats Nora as his inferior, mirroring societys expectations.Torvald once said, It is already cheatn at the bank that I bastardly to dismiss Krogstad. Is it to get about now that the new manager has changed his discernment at his wifes bidding. (Ibsen, 40). The thought that others could think a woman might view as power over him is terrifying to Torvald he sees this as a great(p) threat to his ego and status. In this tralatitious old run society, men are expected to provide for their family. Torvald suffers a great hardship because he is not the flawless breadwinner he should be harmonise to society. Similarly, the men in manage Water for umber are light-colored and naive as well in comparison to their decisive and stronger female counterparts.Pedro is a chief example of a man with a weak ego since adolescence, Pedro is captive to his lust and passion for Tita. Un equivalent Pedro, the rebels and other male figures, Dr. John Brown is far more gender neutral t han he is masculine, but equally insignificant. When needed most, Dr. Brown is too incompetent to recuperate universes such as Pedro after he is burned. It is Tita who takes action, employing techniques and remedies of her maternal grandmother in order to successful heal Pedro. It is combating the unexpected that puts willpower to the test.Society centers rough those who change lives and uphold and rid of both culture and tradition Tita conserves order, unlike men such as Torvald who made clear that he would not sacrifice his honor for the one he claims to love, society deems Nora the grown girl for leaving her husband and churlren. Noras choice to sacrifice a life with her family in pursuit of a finding her identity is beyond what her family, let alone Torvald, can understand. Nora removes herself from under the palm of her controlling husband exemplifying her sovereignty as a woman into the 20th century.Compared to this down in the mouth Victorian image, the role of women i n society today has undergone measureless metamorphosis. Women have more rights and social mobility than ever before. Conversely, this change has made the lives of women increasingly unenviable as women seek to live free of societys expectations as independent women pursuing their own ambitions, beliefs and identities today. By deciding to leave her family in pursuit of her own identity, beliefs and ambitions, Nora is a prime example of the modern woman. Today, women have more rights and opportunities than ever before as a result women like Nora challenge societies pre-existing gender limitations every day. With Noras departure, Ibsen challenges both the normalcy of the ideal Victorian woman and societal expectations.During Victorian times, a wifes role was to love, honor and obey her husband. Patmore writes about the Angel being passive and ineffectual, meek, charming, graceful, sympathetic, self-sacrificing, pious, and above allpure. (Patmore). Unfortunately for Nora, in the co ntext of the Victorian Era, her decision to leave her husband and family is considered an unforgivable scandal because women were expected to know their place. The relentless societal pressures of Victorian normalcy are what push Nora to the edge, resulting in her quest to find her identity. Similarly, both Gertrudis and Tita reach the edge, responding to the changes of the revolution each in their own ways ( equivalent Water for Chocolate).Gertrudis engages in acts of informal liberation and takes flight from the home in order to participate as an active hand in the Revolution (Like Water for Chocolate). Conversely, Titas revolution is one far more personal and is not transparent until the next generation of women, represented by her niece, the narrator (Like Water for Chocolate). However Tita envisions a different future for the child and names her Esperanza, Hope (Like Water for Chocolate). Significantly, it is for Esperanza, and not for Tita, that the traditional happy ending i s reserved (Like Water for Chocolate). Women like Nora and Tita wife strive to defy pre-existing societal stereotypes and expectations for women everywhere and in the process it makes them stronger as women.When putting gender roles into perspective, it is necessary to discern the scattering of responsibilities among a family. Today, gender-equality has made separation of duties among men and women possible. During these eras, women were expected to be passive, powerless and self-sacrificing to their husbands wants and needs. Men were expected to provide for their family done and through thick and thin, allotting a great amount of hardship to the patriarch of the home. as yet in both A Dolls House and Like Water for Chocolate, women carry the culture and emotions of one generation to the next through a variety of mediums. Regardless of religion, race and gender, it is in the best divert of mankind to cease the suppression of humans rights, allotting equal freedoms and opportuniti es to both men and women. While patriarchal roots are deep-seeded within western politics, economics and social aspects, men, no different than women, are flawed it is women who are the immeasurable anchor of society.ReferencesFadanelli, Guillermo. La literatura a la que estamos condenados. Unomsuno (April 28, 1990)4. Like Water for Chocolate World Literature and Its Times Profiles of Notable Literary Works and the diachronic Events That Influenced Them. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 18 May. 2012 . Paterfamilias. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com. Web. 02 June 2012. .